Welsh Texts: Llyfr Coch Hergest (The Red Book of Hergest)

Llyfr Coch Hergest
The Red Book of Hergest is the most complete and extensive extand collection of early Welsh prose and poetry.

The Llyfr Coch Hergest (Rd Book of Hergest) is an extensive collection of Welsh mythologies, histories, learned texts and poems now housed in Oxford's Bodleian Library. The volume was compiled around 1400 and represents everything that a noble-born person in Welsh society should know. As such there are works on husbandry, proverbs, language, astrology, medicine and history contained in this volume as well as the mythologies and poems that most people are familiar with (the Red Book contains the most complete version of the Mabinogion, for example).



Synonyms: Jesus MS 111
Cym: The Red Book of Hergest

The Llyfr Coch is both the most complete and the most impressive extant collection of Cymric prose and poetry. It is currently housed in the University of Oxford's Bodleian library and the (incomplete) digital image of this can be found here. These images are of very high quality, excellent if you want to consult with the original.

Judging from the language and orthography the Red Book was probably copied somewhere between 1375 and 1425. The Mabinogion and the romances seem to have either been copied directly from the Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch or from its direct antecedent volume. Other components in the volume show a strong Norman influence and post-date the Llyfr Gwyn.

The history of the Llyfr Coch is far better attested than that of the Llyfr Gwyn perhaps because it has passed through fewer hands. The discovery, in a Cymric manuscript housed at the Philadelphia, Pa, public library, of a record by Hywel Fychan fab Hywel Goch of Buellt (Builth) states that he was commissioned by Hopcyn ap Tomos ap Einion (c. 1330–>1403) to copy much of the important Cymric literature currently available, into a single volume. Though the MSS itself is in many hands; the work was probably initiated and overseen by Hywel Fychan. Hopkyn ap Tomos lived near Ynysforgan and was interested in poetry and literature. Deeply learned he assembled a large collection of manuscripts; though his tastes, for the time, were rather conservative (which probably explains why there are no poems by Dafydd ap Gwilym in the Llyfr Coch. He was also interested in the bardic traditions, in divining the future and was a Master of Brut, a body of Cymric prophetic lore. For this reason he was called to Caerfyrddin by Owain Glyndŵr in 1403 to prophesy what was going to happen in the ensuing conflict between the Cymry and the English.

There are several odes to Hopcyn in the Llyfr Coch undoubtedly included because of his patronage. Hopcyn ap Tomos' son Tomos inherited the estate in 1408 which would therefore seem to be Hopcyn's likely date of death. He was succeeded by his own son Hopcyn. This was the time of the Wars of the Roses and this Hopcyn took the Lancastrian side. At the battle of Mortimer's Cross in 1461 he fought for Henry VI (the losing side) and as a results his lands and possessions were forfeit in 1464 to the Vaughans of Tretower. These possessions included the library and the Llyfr Coch

About a year later (1465) and the manuscript finds its way to the library of Plas Hergest (Hergest Court) in Herefordshire in the Welsh Marches and there it remained until the seventeenth century.

In 1701 it was presented to Jesus College, Oxford as a gift from the Rev. Thomas Wilkins, Llanblethian, Morgannwg. It seems that on February 17, 1701 Thomas Lhuyd pays for the manuscript to be re-bound but 'forgets' to return the volume which Thomas Wilkins finds in his possessions in 1714 and returns it to Jesus College. The volume is re-bound in moroccan leather in 1851 and was subsequently re-housed in the Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford.

The book was named for its red binding and for the library of Hergest where it spent the majority of its existence.

The manuscript is bicolumnar, written in vellum, with each column labelled 1-1442 inclusive

Contents are as follows [remember to downlaod and install my Mabinogi Celtic font before viewing the original Cymraeg Canol {middle Cymric} text otherwise the special characters won't appear]:

Folios iii-iv: beginning of Dares Phrygia in a later hand. 
Folios v: blank 
Folio vi: a brief index in a late hand 
Folios vii-ix: blank.
The contents of the book are thus:

Cymraeg Canol Cymraeg Cyfoes English
 
Columns Cynnhwysiawn Cynnwys Contents
 

 Y Brut — The Histories:
1–30 Dares Phrygius Ar Gwymp Troy On the Fall of Troy
31–230 Ystorya Brenhined y Brytanyeit Hanes Brenhinoedd y Brython The History of the Kings of Britain
230–367 Brut y Tywyssogyon Cronicl y Tywysogion The Chronicle of the Princes
367–377 Gildas: Ran De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae Gildas: Rhan o " Andwyaeth a Goruwchafiad Prydain" Gildas: Excerps from "Ruin and Conquest of Britain"
377–380 Cantreuoed Cymry Cantrefoedd Cymru The Counties of Wales
381–497 De Carolo Magno Siarlymaen Fawr Charlemagne the Great
502–516 Ymago Mundi Delw'r Byd Image of the World
516–518 Cronicl Fer Cronicl Fer A Brief Chronicle
 

 Amrywiaeth — Miscellania:
520–527 Cynghor Gwr doeth yw Fab Cyngor Gŵr doeth i'w fab Advice from a Wise Man to his Son
527–555 Chweldeu seith Doethyawn Rufein Chwedlau Saith Doethon Rufein The Legends of the Seven Sages of Rome
555–571 Breudwyt Ronabwy Breuddwyd Rhonabwy The Dream of Rhonabwy
571–577 Proffwydolyaeth Sibli doeth Proffwydoliaeth Sibil doeth Prophecies of the Wise Sybil
577–583 Kyuoessi myrdin a gwendyd ychwaer Proffwydoliaeht Myrddin a Gwenddydd ei Chwaer Dialogue Between Myrddin and His Sister, Gwenddydd
584 Gwasgargerd vyrdin yny bed Gwasgargerd Myrddin yn ei fedd Lament of Myrddin in his Grave
585 Hynn a Dywawt Seint Awstin am Dewder y Dayar Hynn a Ddywedodd Seint Awstin am Drwch y Ddaear That Which St Austen Said Concerning the World's Width
585 Hynn a dywawt yr Eneid Hyn a Ddywed yr Eneid That Which the Sould Said
585–588 Proffwydolyaeth yr Eryr Proffwydoliaeth yr Eryr Prophecy of the Eagle
588 Tri Dynyon a Gawssant Gampeu Adaf Tri Dyn a Gawssant Nerth Addaf Three Men who received the Might of Adam
588–590 Pann aeth llu y lychlyn Pan Aeth Llu i Lychlyn When a Host Went Up to Scandinavia
 

 Y Trioed — The Triads:
590–596 Trioedd Ynys Prydein Trioedd Ynys Prydain The Triads of the Island of Britain
596–596 Trioed y meirch Trioed Y Meirch The Triads of the Horses
596–598 Trioed ynys prydein 2 Trioed Ynys Prydain 2 The Triads of the Island of Britain 2
598–600 Trioed heuyt yw y rei hynn Trioed yw y rhain, hefyd These Also are Triads
600–05 Enweu Ynys Prydein Enway Ynys Prydain The Names of the Isle of Britain
 

 Rhamanteu — Romances
605–627 Ymgyrch Siarlymaen i Ieruusalem Ymgyrch Siarlymaen i Jeriwsalem The Expedition of Charlemagne to Jerusalem
627–655 Chwedyl Tarlles y Ffynawn Chewdl Iarlles y Ffynnon The Lady of the Lake
655–697 Historia Peredur fab Efrawc Hanes Peredur fab Efrawg The History of Peredur son of Efrawg
697–705 Breudwyt Macsen Wledic Breuddwyd yr Ymherawdwr Macsen The Dream of Emperor Maximus
705–710 Cyfranc Llud a Lleuelys Antur Lludd a Llefelys The Adventure of Lludd and Llefelys
  Pedeir Keinc y Mabinogi — The Four Branches of the Mabinogi
710–726 Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed Pwyll, Lord of Dyfed
726–739 Branwen uerch Llyr Branwen uerch Llŷr Branwen, Daughter of Llŷr
739–751 Manawyddan fab Llyr Manawyddan mab Llŷr Manawyddan, Son of Llŷr
751–769 Math uab Mathonwy Math fab Mathonwy Math, son of Mathonwy
 Ramanteu Eraill — Other Romances
769–810 Chwedyl Gereint fab Erbin Rhamant Gereint fab Erbin The Romance of Gereint, son of Erbin
810–845 Culhwch ac Olwen Culhwch ac Olwen Culhwch and Olwen
845–928  Ystoria Bown o Hamptwn  Chwedl Befis o Hamptwn The Tale of Bevis of [South]Hampton
 Amrywyaeth — Miscellania
928–964 Meddygion Myddfai Meddygon Myddfai The Physicians of Myddfai's Herbal
964–975 Diharebeu Diharebau Proverbs
975–998 Ymago Mundi Delw'r Byd Image of the World
998–999 "A chyt traetho athrawon gerd or sygneu yssyd yn Zodiacus" A'r hyn a draethir y prifeirdd o arwyddion y Sodiac And that which the chief bards predicate from the signs in the Zodiac
999–1019 Brut y Saesson Cronicl y Saeson The Chronicle of the Saxons
1020–1022 ymatcrec llywelyn a gwrnerth Ymddiddan Llywelyn a Gwrnerth The Dialogue of Llywelyn and Gwrnerth
1023–1025: (gwac) (gwag) (blank)
 Barddonieith — Poetry
1026–1027 Eiry mynyd gwynt am berth Mynydd eirog, gwynt drwy'r berth Snowy mountain, wind through the hedge
1028–1029 Eiru mynyd gwynn pob tu Eira Gwyn y Mynydd ar bob llaw The White Mountain Snow on all Sides
1030 Bit goch crib keilyawc Bydd crib y ceiliog yn goch Let the cock's comb be red
1031 Gnawt gwynt or deheu Natur gwynt or de The Nature of the South Wind
1031–1032 Kalangaeaf kalet grawn Calan gaeaf caled y grawn Winter Calend, hard the grain
1032 Baglawc byd in bagwy onn Manglu coes yn fagl yr onn Entangling a leg Is the Ash's Snare
1033 Gorwyn blaen onn Gorwyn blaen onn "Bright are the Ash-tops"
 Canu Llywarch Hen — The Poems of Llwyarch the Old:
1034 Goreiste ar vrynn aeruyn uym bryt Esstedd ar gopa bryn yn ymladd fy mhryd "Sitting High Upon a Hill, battling my aspect"
1036 Kynn bum kein vaglawc bum Cynt bum gain o goes "I Was Formerly Fair of Limb"
1039 Dym kywardyat unhwch Unhwch o Ddunawd ac Urien Unhwch of Dunawd and Urien
1041 Maen wynn tra vum yth oet Maenwynn pan oeddwn dy oed... "Maenwynn, When I was Your Age..."
 Cerddi Eraill — Other Poetry
1042 Panet anet gereint oed agoret pyrth y nef Pan Aned Geraint Agorwyd Prrth y Nef When Gereint was boorn the doors of heavens opened
1043 Katwallawn kynn oe dyot Cadwallon Cadwallawn
1044–1049 Canu Heledd Canu Heledd The Heledd Cycle
1049 Gyfercheis gogyfarchaf gogyfuerchyd Cyfarchais a rhydd gogyfarch I Have Freely Greeted
1050 Mal rot yn troi tramhweileu Fel roedd yr olwyn yn troi Like a Turning Wheel
1051 Mochdaw byd yngryt yngwedyf carant Yn fuan bydd y câr yng ngwaedd y frwydyr Soon the kinsmen shall be in the Shout of War
1051 Llynges von dirion direidi Llynges Mŵn gwlad direidus The Fleet of Mona, mischievous land
  Crist iessu llwyr uedu lleuuer cristawn Iesu Grist cyflawn feddu goleuad Cristion Christ Jesus, wholly possessed of the Light of Christianity
1053 Mor yw gwael gwelet Cyn waeled yw gweld How Dismal it Is to See
1054 Prif Cyuarch Taliessin Cyfarch Cyntaf Taliesin Taliesin's First Adddress
1055 Gossymdeith Llefoet Wynebclawr Gorymdeith Llefoed Wynebglawr The Viaticum of Llevoed Wynebglawr
1057–1083 Diharebeu Diharebau Proverbs
1085–1116 Kymdeithas Amlyn ac Amic Cymdeithas Amlyn ac Amic The Fellowship of Amlyn and Amic
1117–1143 Gramadec Cymreic Gramadeg Cymraeg A Welsh Grammar
 Cerddi Eraill — Other Poetry
1143–1143 Mawr awr y dawn a dcynn
1143–1144 Dir vyd yn bronn kyt boet breuawl byt
1144–1144 Er mab kyuarchaf rwydaf vy reen
1144–1145 Reit yw ynndillwng tyllued pressent
1145–1146 Goreu yw y dyn diw ynyt peri
1146–1146 Goganawl arglwyd gogonawl
1146–1147 Kyuarchaf y duw dwywawl weini
1147–1147 Ambo y gan duw ambo trugared
1147–1148 [R]eidaf oed ynn reithaf
1148–1149 Duw arglwyd erglyw dy volyant
1149–1149 Reen riedawc rwysc kyuerthi rex
1149–1150 Divri diwroed dyhed diheu
1150–1150 Goreu gwaradret goredwyn faw
1150–1150 Eidunyant y dyn y dwyn ar uoes
1150–1150 Einyoes enryded rac llu annweir
1150–1151 Geir garwffraeth gwaeth gweith
1151–1151 Yn hyt yn hedwch hawd bwyf oe glas
1151–1153 Mab anrodet . mab mat anet . dan y breinheu
1153–1154 Gwaret arnaf naf nawd am rodych
1154–1157 Goruchel duw golochir ym pob vn
1158–1159 Moli duw yn dechreu a diwed
1159–1159 Yn enw domini meu y moli . mawr y molawt
1159–1160 Ponyt gwann truan trymder pechadur
1160–1161 Nawd y tat ar mab rat rof amgalon
1161–1162 Y gwr anrodes rinnyeu ardanawt
1162–1165 E duw yn gyntaf y kyuarchaf
1165–1166 Duw dinac dias tagneued
1166–1166 Mis med treis nys treid ysgereint
1166–1167 Pylgeineu radeu amrodir
1167–1166 Ennwic dyn ael yth erbyn
1166–1168 Can uod duw yt vun y dilenn.
1168–1168 Perchenn cor kerd woscor wasgawt.
1168–1169 Pennyadur kerygyl keressyt.
1169–1169 Pennydwr pennaf y greuyd.
1169–1169 Prydyd wyf rac prydein dragon.
1169–1172 Deudeng grad benn berchenn brad briodawr.
1172–1175 Ar arglwyd kyfrwyd kyfreithgar wledic.
1176–1176 Nyt ynat neb drut uy drefnwy.
1176–1178 Duw dewin gwertheuin wryrtheu.
1178–1178 Portheist yr pymoes gloes glassveireu.
1178–1179 Gwedy duwedut gan annwyt greu.
1179–1180 Peryf nef pura vyg keudawt
1180–1181 Adef nef neirthyat oth rat boet rwyd
1181–1182 Gossymwy tramwy tromdigued.
1182–1183 A duw am troffwy om trasalwder.
1183–1183 Diffreidyat mawr rat mawr dewis gyfieith.
1183–1184 Awrawt pymoes byt o rerthiwet.
1184–1184 Truan a annyan ynni o ampwyll.
1184–1185 Estwyll a ystyrywys deus defnyd.
1185–1185 Tragywydawl duw tragyuanwyf.
1185–1185 Teilyndawt a dawt adef gwivin.
1185–1185 Gordynn ae tremyn dramyr drefret.
1186–1186 Am rodho douyd dedwyd deweint
1187–1187 Y vreint wrth y vryt y vreinawc
1187–1188 Breinyawl vyth uydaw pan delwyv euo
1188–1189 Archaf rec yn dec a digeryd wyf. iv.
1189–1189 O vedru canu coeth anrec y hael
1189–1190 Rymedylyeis y hynn y honni
1190–1190 Duw a volaf yr eiryolet ym
1190–1191 Ny chronnes rodes radeu wallofyat
1191–1191 Kynn syrthei vrwynen ar urynneu o nef
1191–1192 Y gwr a uolaf gwir ogoned ny wnaeth
1192–1193 Och hyt ar vrenhin vreint ucheldaw
1185–1185 Gordynn ae tremyn dramyr drefret.
1194–1194 Caraf benn raith cor aryannweith
1195–1196 Duc morwanec dec o du gaeaf
1196–1196 Doeth delw vyw vy llyw llyryon
1197–1198 Duc mor kor kywir delw vyw llyw
1198–1198 Doeth delw ner aber wybvr vwchel
1199–1200 Meu ymoralw o bwyll disalw
1200–1200 Merch mam veir o diweir waet
1200–1201 Arlwyr waret grist ythanet
1201–1202 Archaf gulwyd diwaradwyd
1202–1202 Baltassar gynnar gennat duc anrec
1203–1204 Moliant Tudur ap Gronwy Moliant Tudur ap Gronwy In Praise of Tudur son of Gronwy
1204–1205 Gweleis lewdoeth hael gwiwlwys
1206–1207 Trosses ym grym Grist oe deith ueith
1207–1209 Awdur hael eglur heul ogled a lloer
1209–1210 Arglwyd didrist grist gwir dist gwarder
1210–1210 Aer vyngkwyn echwyn och ar gyhoed
1210–1211 Doeth y bleit eirchyeit erchyll
1211–1211 Claf yw ner niuer nevawl eur anaw
1211–1212 Oth hireint eurvreint aervrat aryneic
1212–1212 Os claf modur mawred gar
1212–1212 Och vi arglwyd rwyd rwysc natur
1213–1213 Llaryeid ueir gyweir digywyt
1213–1213 Meir mawr dristit byt bryt a bryderaf
1213–1214 Arglwyd rwyd ab ryd tangneved
1214–1215 Ardwyreaf naf a ner engylyon
1215–1216 Arglwyd duw erglyw eurglaer vannyeu
1216–1216 Llorof brenhinawl doeth dewinawl
1216–1217 Cor eurdar urdas diwyllic
1217–1218 Molaf arwyraf ar eireu prydyat
1218–1219 Nyt oes hael iessu ny bu ny byd
1219–1219 Llacheu gwyned llyw dwy orsed
1219–1220 Duw sul eurlyw bywyeit arwyrein
1220–1220 Dylvem pwyllem kynn pell ynyal
1221–1221 Duw a wnaeth o ffraeth trwyth adeilat
1221–1222 Molet pob lliwet llyw arglwydi
1222–1223 Diovrvt dorgryt grym arwryeith
1223–1223 Duw dewin brenhin breinyawl
1224 Gwac Gwag Blank
1225–1225 || egin. rif morgregin.vwrd a chegin
1225–1226 Ren trindawt arawt eiryf ynghvstud
1226–1226 Nyt digeryd duw neut digarad
1226–1227 Mat amdiffynnyat keidwat kiwdawt
1227–1228 Awdyl y Misoed Awdl y Misoedd Ode to the Months
1228–1228 Neut mis meheuin meu heuyt
1229–1229 Diwyt yw ym bryt brawt hed
1229–1229 Bed mawred meith
1229–1230 Frwythlawn achyuyawn achyuoeth y
1230–1231 Neut trist ym gwnaeth crist
1232 Gwac Gwag Blank
1233–1233 Trindawt dibechawt duw bych
1233–1234 Trindawt dibechawt nyt da bychan
1234–1234 Trindawt dibechawt Duw ni bechawd
1234–1235 Anturywn hwylywn heli a thonneu a thynny
1235–1235 Trindawt dibechawt flawt ffer tref nef
1236–1236 Trindawt dibechawt buched wirion
1236–1237 Gorugum ryrret puret peryf
1237–1237 Trindawt parawt pur traws maws
1237–1239 Reit oed im obleit y blodeu pennaf
1239–1239 Moliant Gwenllian Moliant Gwenllian In praise of Gwenllian
1240–1240 Bu oerchwedyl kenedyl kwyn
1240–1241 Dreic llu kann daruu dewrwr
1241–1242 Amdrist wyf gorffwyf ym gorffenn
1242–1242 Ren llen a llyfreu goleu galar
1242–1242 Trugar gwar gwir triciet hoet hir
1242–1243 Dat anhudawl hawl yw hywled owein
1243–1243 Hed wled sened y seint
1243–1244 Kynn bwyf gwas grudlas gredyf anuon
1244–1244 Synhwyrus deus duw goeuchaf
1244–1245 y Awd I Awd To Awd
1246–1247 Klyw ywr meu gorcu gwreid for Llyw
1247–1247 Gwedy creir creawdyr diuei
1247–1248 Ny dyweit prelatyeit prud
1249–1250 Glandat gwir gelwir ar Grist galwaf
1250–1251 Iessu a dyuu o deuawt gwarder
1251–1252 Y duw uchaf v kyuarchaf
1252–1253 Deduawl mawl molaf didrist grist greir
1253–1253 Llyw gorllewin llawryd vrenin
1253–1254 Cwyn Serch Cwyn Serch The Complaint of Love
1254–1255 Nyt lle ym geissaw. llavur brwyngur
1255–1256 Mi a weleis lys a dwy a dec llys
1257–1257 Llys Dafydd ap Cadwaladr Llys Dafydd ap Cadwaladr The Court of Dafydd son of Cadwaladr
1258 Gwac Gwag Blank
1259–1259 Llathrawd dros vydoed drumoed
1259–1260 Kwyt ysgwyt ysgwnn gymarred
1260–1260 Curwr dreigyeu keryd greigyeu
1261–1261 Mygyrduw hard mae bard baleliffawt
1261–1262 Brawt ffyd pob prydyd pab priodawr
1262–1263 Molyant Angharat Moliant Angharad In Praise of Angharad
1260–1260 Curwr dreigyeu keryd greigyeu
1264–1265 Gwyl vun a dry hun drwy hut kur
1265–1266 Duc gwledie kedic o du coedyd ros
1266–1266 Eur a mein coeluein cael cae melyn
1267–1267 Gwlat yn tric trawdsic llwrw
1267–1268 Kwynwn vyt y gyt am gywed mordaf
1268–1268 Mein agud deurud trom vu yn dirwy
1269–1269 Awdyl Gyffes Awdl Gyffes A Confessionary Ode
1269–1270 Mab y gof glawrdof divieu myn
1270–1271 Vwytty pobloed af attat vorgan
1271–1272 Gwr clotryd yssvd yn ansoddi
1270–1272 Estyryet bobloed ystorya deykyn
1273–1273 Crist arglwyd didrist edryt
1273–1274 Anned go letoer annec nadolic
1274–1274 Gwrach dieiryach grach gwrych pyrth
1274–1275 Afallen beren beth ath bores
1275–1275 Avallen beren a boret ym plas
1275–1275 Avallen beren beraf dan deint
1275–1276 Avallen beren mae ffrwyth kangen
1276–1276 Yr avallen a vu beren kyn dy bori
1276–1276 Avallen beren a beris
1277–1277 Gwedy gruffud nud yn nyd
1277–1278 Tprue loc lo lenawc y gynffon
1278–1278 Tprue loc lo lorn y gynffon
1278–1279 Tprue loc lo leiaf o warthec
1279–1279 Mawr duw vy naf mi ae keissyaf
1279–1280 [K]yffessaf mawr nav ym eurner
1281–1281 Dagreu tros vadeu llyw traws vydin
1282–1282 Unnyawn bill hirdawn o ball harded
1282–1284 Moliant Abad Aberconwy Moliant Abad Aberconwy In Praise of the Abbot of the Conwy Estuary
1284–1285 Presswylawd gyntaf adaf adawt
1285–1286 Brenhin gorllewin gwr a llywya
1286–1287 Mi a baraf y dyrn arat or a garaf
1287–1288 Rygud llew aryfrud llyw eurvro
1288–1288 Clytno eidin glot ardwy drin glewdwr
1288–1289 Llyw glyw glew naws traws trwssyat
1289–1290 Dar ymleidyat utbur dor vinladeu
1290–1291 Arvot uthyrdreic wrth gastell greic
1291–1291 Costyaf y vadawc kastyn untroedawc
1292–1292 Safyn egored yw safyn gorwyr bawki
1292–1292 Ydwyf a mi nid oedes arglwyd kein
1292–1294 Y nos vat y kaat or kyt orwed balch
1294–1296 Anrec wladeid nys treid traet
1297–1299 Ior nev ae chreir ac euryn
1299–1300 Arglwyd rwyd rywyawc nethawc
1300–1300 Rwyd yw davyd rod diuei
1300–1300 Kyrchwn lle gwelwn llywy gulwyd kat
1301–1301 Achubaf Duw naf diam nofyd
1301–1303 Awdyl Gyffes Awdl Gyffes A Confessionary Ode
1303–1304 Awdyl y Duw. Awdl i Dduw An ode to God
1304–1305 Awdyl yr drindawt. Awdl i'r Drindod An ode to the Trinity
1305–1306 Moliant ryderch uab Ieuan Llwyt o Lynn Aeron Moliant Rhydderchc fab Ieuan Llwyd o Lyn Aeron The praising of Rhydderch son of Ieuan the Grey from the vale of Aeron
1306–1306 Llary wyned llawer ynot llef uchel. Hael Wynedd, llawer ynot a lef yn uchel Generous Gwynedd many of your people cry loudly
1306–1307 Och heno naw och yn niwed. Gwae heno, naw gwae o niwed Woe tonight, nine woes from harm
1307–1308 Llywelyn goch ae cant y hopkyn vab thomas. Llywelyn goch a'i canodd i hopcyn fab Tomos Llywelyn the red sang this to Hopcyn son of Thomas
1308–1308 Tri ac un tro ym gun gael. Tri ac un tro cyn cawn arglwydd Three and one turns before we gain a lord.
1308–1309 Moliant Rhydderch ab Ieuan Llwyd a Llywelyn Fychan Moliant Rhydderch ab Ieuan Llwyd a Llywelyn Fychan In praise of Rhydderch son of Ieuan Llwyd and Llywelyn the Younger
1309–1310 Credaf ytt iessu uab y croewdat Creday ynot Iesu, fab y creawdwr I believe in you, Jesus, son of the Creator
1310–1311 Hawd amor trysor trwssyat uchelwreint Hawdd ffawd trysor trwstiol uchelfreint Easy the fate of a noisy high-privileged one's treasure
1311–1311 Moliant Tomas ap Hopgyn Moliant Tomas ap Hopgyn The Praising of Thomas ap Hopgyn
1312–1312 Gwac Gwag Blank
1313–1313 Awdyl y Owein uab Thomas Awdl i Owein fab Tomos An ode to Owein son of Thomas
1313–1314 [T]raws deyrn kymry tros dued yd a: Cadarn deyrn Cymry, tros yr ardal a a The ruler of Wales is strong, over the region he roams
1314–1315 [L]lyw glyw glew ffrwythlawn Arweinydd brwydyr, gwrol a ffrwythlon Battle leader, valiant and friutful
1315–1315 Kyuarchaf yn naf nefawl rinwed Cyfarchaf yr arglwydd of nefol rinwedd I greet the heavenly virtue of the Lord
1315–1316 Rwydwalch aryf kyuaryf koveu beird prydein.
1316–1317 Breinyawl oronwy bryt kyt kat ardwy.
1317–1318 Gwyned amgeled ved venestri. Gwynedd greodd fedd Venestri Gwynedd engendered the grave of Venestri
1318–1321 Odleu gwenhwyuar Odlau Gwenhwyfar Odes to Gwnehwyfar (Guinevere)
1322–1322 Ny chlyw na challon na chlust Ni chlyw na chalon na chlust Not haring nor heart nor ear
1322–1323 Marwnat gronwy vychan Marwnad Goronwy Fychan The Elegy of Goronwy the Lesser
1323–1324 Oth hireint eurureint aerbrat aryneic. From your lordly host golden privilege the error of a battle traitor
1324–1324 Os claf modur nur mawred garanawc.
1324–1325 Gwae vi vot aruot aruaeth godi par
1325–1325 Claf yw ner niuer nefawl eur anaw
1325–1325 Boet hiroedyl vreisc gweist gwassgawt kenedloed
1325–1325 Hoew gyuarch eur barch - aer bar
1325–1326 Och vi arglwyd rwyd rwysc natur wwein
1326–1326 Hoew oronwy rwy rywyawc vard eir beilch Hoyw Oronwy, arweinydd, addfwyn fardd o falch air Lively Goronwy, leader, kindly bard of stately word
1326–1326 Dot yn vrwydyr wawr gawr gwraf. Ar wawr y frwydr daw'r cawr hyaf On the eve of battle comes the bravest giant
1326–1327 Meu dogyngur arthur o orthir prydein Tywyll gur Arthur o gyrion Prydain Arthur's dark pain from the borders of Britain
1327–1328 Awdyl y syr howel uab gronw uab tudur Awdl i syr Howel fab Gronw fab Tudur Ode to sir Howel son of Gronw son of Tudur
1328–1329 Molaf gein riein o ryw arglwydi Molaf gain riain o haelogaeth arglwyddi I praise the beautiful gueen of the descent of lords
1328–1329 Teir llythyren weini windut. Teir llythyren a weina'r gwynddydd Three letters serve the blessed day
1330–1330 Gwynt tan awyr llwyr llawr daearva mwyn. Gwynt, dan awyr addfyna llawr y ddaear mwyn Wind, beneath the sky, lays meek the floor of the gentle earth
1330–1330 Englyniawn y grist. Englynion i Grist Englyns to Christ
1330–1331 Llyma englynyon y duw a gant gruffud vab maredir Dyna englynion i dduw a ganodd Gruffudd fab Maredudd These are Englyns to God sung by Gruffudd son of Maredudd
1331–1331 Llyma englynyon Gwyned Dyma englynion Gwynedd These are Englyns of Gwynedd
1331–1332 Llyma englynyon y pedwar angel ystorr Dyma englynion y pedawr angel ystorfa These are Englyns of four store angels
1332–1332 Odleu y duw Odlau i dduw Odes to god
1332–1334 Awdyl y Gyffes Awdl i Gyffes An Ode to Confession
1334–1334 [N]eut trist ym gwnaeth crist croes dagneued Trist a'm gwnaeth, Crist are groes tangnefedd Sad it made me, Christ upon the cross of peace
1335–1335 Roet mywn carnbenn benn bon gwrychyonyn deif dauyd
1335–1335 Mae mab lorsgrawn iawn annwych
1335–1335 Llwybyr krwybyr kynyon mon mynych fflam
1336–1336 Llech rech rwt tankwt tingkyr gwaith tlodi gwyr
1337–1338 Dychan y Adaf Eurych Dychcan i Addaf Eurych A satire for Addaf Eurych
1338–1339 Dychan y Eyniawn Dychcan i Einiawn A satire for Einiawn
1339–1340 Dychan y Fledyn Dychcan i Fleddyn A satire for Bleddyn
1340–1342 Yg gwyd wyth tylwyth talar kas
1343–1345 Grassaw wrthyt pryt prenn sarn kest
1345–1346 Graff y heirch y cleirch clerswm
1346–1347 Dychan i Ieuan Dychan i Ieuan A Satire for Ieuan
1348–1348 Llysenw einion Llysenw Einion Einion's Nickname
1348–1348 Dychan i Lywelyn Dychan i Lywelyn A Satire for Llywelyn
1349–1349 Moliant Maredydd o Ynys Derllys Moriant Maredydd o Ynys Derllys In Praise of Maredydd of the Isle of Derllys
1349–1350 Marwnad Gwenhwyfar uerch Fadog Marwnad Gwenhwyfar ferch Madog Elegy to Gwenhwyfar daughter of Madog
1350–1351 [A]nvud marwgud neut mawrgur
1351–1351 Lliaws ovalon y von a vyd
1351–1352 Un nyd eruyd iawii digeryd ion
1352–1352 [K]yfrwch kern sybwch corn sebon
1353–1354 Kyfarchaf ym naf nifuerawc douyd
1354–1355 Rynghawc yw Madawc rinc ae medyr
1355–1356 Dychan i Darre Dychan i Darre A satire for Darre
1356–1356 Dychan i Siwan Morgan o Aberteifi Dychan i Siwan Morgan o Aberteifi A satire for Siman Morgan of Aberteifi
1356–1356 Llydan vyd gogan gygtis widon
1357–1357 Trallawn gadwgawn gyt ogan
1357–1358 Dychan i Sawl
1358–1358 Cwyn oherwydd pla
1358–1358 Sugynsur yt dibur tebie y gyffeith
1358–1358 Neuad Newyd Neuadd Newydd A New Hall
1358–1359 Cwrs Clera Cwrs y Clêrwyr The Course of the Minstrels
1359–1359 Llosgit tan rwyfan refyr kidyll
1359–1360 Dychan i Ddafydd ap Rhys ab Ieuan
1360–1360 Dychan I Raeadr Gwy
1360–1360 Kystudfull bawdull badwn y pechawt
1360–1360 Dychan i Leidr
1361–1361 Dychan i Siac ap Twm ap Cedi
1361–1361 Dychan i dref Llanymddyfri ac i Gadwgan
1362–1362 Dychan Arglwydd Mawddwy Dychan Arglwydd Mawddwy Satire on the Lord of Mawddwy
1362–1363 Dychan i Riffri
1363–1363 Dychan i Ddafydd, wyr Meurig, a Maredudd
1363–1364 Y duw y tiolchaf dewin plant adaf
1364–1365 Madawc corunawc gwr anelw oe vyw
1366–1367 Trwm yw tremygu hael douyd ymryd
1367–1369 Pan gyhyrdawd nawd nedeir hyget
1369–1370 Crist audi nos craton kyrios
1371 (gwac) (gwag) (blank)
1372 (gwac) (gwag) (blank)
1373–1374 Moliant Hopgyn ap Tomas o Ynysforgan
1375–1376 Arglwydieid treid trwydet beird
1376–1377 Gwrd hopkyn loewwynn leweid
1377–1378 Moliant Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ab Ieuan o Forfa Bychan
1378–1379 Gruffud nud ud eir gryrn llym llafyn
1380 (gwac) (gwag) (blank)
1381–1383 Traethwys vyntauawt trwy nerth y
1383–1383 Gwae ui duw or diruawr gollet yr goll
1383–1384 Trist yngoruc erist liytymchwel
1384–1385 Gwyn y vyt am gyt a geidw y wir
1385–1385 Kywir vrenhin vry gogonet
1385–1387 Mab duw dylyaf dy bwyllaw
1387–1388 Clot ysgein owein clot ysgein ysgwyd.
1388–1389 Gwyn gwarandaw dyar synhwyr
1389–1389 Os hyn vydaf naf neirthyat no thi
1390–1391 Ny hepcoraf y rwyf hyt ruvein
1391–1392 Kediuor eurgoryf o argoet pan oed
1392–1394 Owein arwrein eur wron kymry
1394–1394 Ys ym arglwyd gwrd gordivwng
1394–1395 Mab kediuor kat wormeil mawrglot
1395–1396 Teulu owein llary lluoed anhun treis
1396–1398 Kyuarchav y duw kyuarch dawn
1398–1399 Kerdawr huenyd huanaw awch mawl
1399–1400 Gwen wynwyn erchwyn eirchyeit
1400–1401 Yorwerth aer gannerth eur ganhorthwy
1401–1402 Hael Arthur modur mut angud rodyon
1402–1403 Gwirawt ywein draw dra digoll vynyd
1403–1404 Aele nadolic yr ae dyly lloegyr
1404–1405 Crist keli poet im om meithucent
1405–1406 Sef yw teyrnllyw teyrn llaw uadawc
1406–1407 Neut reit am vadawc trengi
1407–1408 Llynar mut ar sut y sud y glerwr
1409–1410 Aur dorch uarchoc or vann
1411–1412 Maestr Rossier rifer ac hyn oreu
1413 (gwac) (gwag) (blank)
1414 (gwac) (gwag) (blank)
1415–1416 Hawd vyt ym por parawt volyant
1417–1418 Oer gallon dan vron o vraw allwynin
1419–1420 Crist creawdyr llywyawdyr llu daear
1420–1420 Adar wenidawc caeawc kynran
1420–1420 Kan y dwyn dechryn a dechreuho
1420–1421 Adar wenidawc caeawc kynran
1421–1422 Goruud ud dremrud dra mor lliant
1422–1424 Kyfarehaf ym ren kyuarchuawr awen
1424–1424 Creawdyr nef crededun was
1424–1425 Duw sulgwynn yw hynn hoen
1425–1425 Gorwynnywc drythyll goruynt a dyga
1425–1426 Gorwynnyawc drythyll gorwyth olwyf
1426–1426 Gorwynnyawc drythyll gordyfyn dy vynet
1426–1427 Gorwynnyawc drythyll gordyfyn dy gyweith
1427–1427 Gorwynnyawc drythyll gordyfyn dy arlwy
1427–1428 Gorwynnyawc drythyll gordyfyn dy gywir
1428–1428 Uyn dewis i riein virein veindec
1428–1428 Caraf y gaer wenglaer o du gwennlann
1428–1429 Ym peryf digard wyf dygen geinyat
1429–1429 Neut avlawen wyf neut avlavar
1429–1430 Parawt oe odaf kyn noe adaw
1430–1431 Wrth yr am karei caraf gymenn gadw
1431–1431 Gwyrdlen ae gortho gorthaw dristlawn
1431–1432 Ny bu warthlef kerd kynuerchin
1432–1432 Gwawr pan dwyre gawr adotet
1432–1433 Dywallaw dyr corn ar gynvelyn
1433–1433 Dywallaw dir corn kanys amcan
1433–1433 Dywallaw dyr corn kanys myuyr genyf
1434–1434 Dywallaw dy venestyr na vynn agheu
1434–1434 Dywallaw dyr corn kannym puchant
1434–1435 Dywallaw dyr corn yr kynnifyeit
1435–1435 Dywallaw dy venestyr ved hidleit
1435–1435 Gwyr ny dwng ny dal ny byd wrth wir
1436–1436 Asswynaf nawd duw diamheu
1436–1438 Am rodwy rwyf nef rwysc
1438–1438 Cledyvrut grud gwr a deffry
1438–1439 Kymry diffreidyat kymrwyn y
1439–1439 Brwydyr asgen brwysc nenn breisc adef
1439–1440 Tangnefed am nawd anniuerwch
1440–1440 Dadolwch llachar llacheu gyvar
1440–1441 Dreic ehofyn ehang y deruyn
1441–1442 Ardwyreaf y dreic fwyr feleic fer
1442–1442 Crist creawdyr amerawdyr an med

The only other major omission from the Llyfr Coch (apart from the bards contemporary with Hopcyn) beiing the Laws of Hywel Dda. Though of course this is nit-picking as the volume is a treasure-trove of native and Norman-influenced prose and poetry.



The text given below represents the complete entry for the Llyfr Coch Hergest as given in the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report on manuscripts in the Welsh language, vol. II part I, (London, 1902). The entire text of the entry is presented and this has been re-edited for the web:

MS. 1 = CXI. THE RED BOOK OF HERGEST. Vellum;

13⅜ x 8¼ inches : 362 folios (deranged more or less in the binding), bicolumnar and numbered respectively 1-1442; written with few exceptions during the last quaiter of the XIVth,* and the first quarter of the xvth centuries; strongly bound in red morocco in 1851.

The MS is not quite perfect, but there is nothing to show how much is wanting (see Plas Hên MS. 15). The text, with the exception of a few passages, is in a fair state of preservation. It contains a very considerable maſ of the Welsh 1iterary material, both in prose and verse, that was in existence about 1400. Its most important omissions are the Laws, the older poetry, and the works of D. ap Gwilim.

The MS. is named after its former home, Hergest, in Herefordshire. lt was presented (1n 1701, col. 1371) to Jesus College, Oxford, by the Rev. T. Wilkins.

On February. 17, 1701 Edward Lhuyd pays 7s. for binding the MS. which during the next thirteen years seems not to have been returned to Jesus Colloge as testified by the following declaration . “To all to whome these presents shall come—I Thomas Wilkins of Laublethian in the Couuty of Glamorgan doe hareby Certify thet I have severall yeares agoe presented Jesus College Oxon with an old large Manuscript called Llyfr Coch ô Hergest, which book was by the order of ye sald College given out of their Custody to be new bound, And is since (as I am informed found amongst Edward Lloyd's bookes) to which Manuscript the said Mr Lloyd or his Representatives can pretend no manner of Title      Witness my hand this 26th of March 1714: Tho. Wilkis,” The above statements are in the original hands on slips of paper now pasted on fol. ii.

        Folios iii-iv. The beginning of Dares Phrygius in a late hand.
        Folios v, vii-xi are blank.
        Folio vi. A brief index in a late hand.

Columns 1 to 30 1. 12. ⁂Dares Phrygius : Pelleaſ aoed urenhin yghaſsell aelwit pelopeus . a bra6t aod ida6 ael6it eſon ah6nn6 aoed amab ida6 ael6it Jaſon . . . . ends : Ac eneas a yfudha6ys y arch ef . ac ade6is troea ef ae nifeR. To this is added in a different hand : ac aaeth ymeith yny longeu . ac andromaces . deucant atheir mil.

Cols. 31 to 230 1. 11. ⁂Ystorya Brenhined y Brytanyeit : Bryttatin oreu or ynyſſed yr hon ael6it gynt y6en ynys yggolle6iga6l eigia6n . . . . . ends : A brenhinoed y brytanieit kanyt ytty6 gantunt y llfyr br6l6n h6nn . Yr h6nn a ymchoeles G6allter archdiagon ryt ychen o vrytanec yg kymraec . yr h6nn yſſyd gynulledic yn wir oc eu hystsoryaeu 6y yn enryded yr rac dywededigyon tywyſſogyon hynny . Ar y wed honn y prydereis inheu ymchoclut ef YR ILADIN.

Cols. 230 1. 20 to 376 1. 8. ⁂Brut y Tywyssogyon : Petwar ugeint mlyned a whechant oed oet criſt . pan vu y mar6olyaeth na6r dr6y holl ynys prydein . . . . . . . ends : Ar dyd h6nn6 y goreſgynna6d Rys ab Maelg6n gantref penwedic. A gruffud ab Maredud gym6t mevenyd.      Benedicamus domino. Deo gracius.

Cols, 376 1. 10 to 377 1. 18. Gyldas hen broffwyt y brytanyeit a dyweit yn hen yſtoryaeu y brytanyeit . pany6 pedwarpeth awnaeth yr brytanyeit colli eu hanryded ar ynys va6r ffr6ythla6n aelwir ynys prydein. Y peth kyntaf oed syberwyt . a ryuic y g6yr mawr . . . . . . . ends : Y pedweryd uu . dryckampen adryeuoeſſeu ybobyl gyffredin acha6s lladron athreiſwyr . ac ymladwyr . agot . agl6th oedynt . Ar pedwar peth hyn a dyweſp6yt . a ynt tebic yr pedwar peth a dyweit du6 yny llyfyr aelwir eclaneus . yeyrnas a dygir rac y g6erin bria6t . ac arodir y werein amherthyna6l . acha6s treis a bratyat enwired . ac amry6 ffalſted. Ecclesiastico X½, [,9] Regnum a gente in gentem traffertur &c.

Cols. 377 1. 19 to 380. ⁂Dechreu cantreuoed g6yned. ar chymydeu. Kym6t inſel(ed), kym6t preſtan . kym6t rudlan = Cantref Tegigyl . . . . . . ends with Cantref g6ent—kym6t tref y gruc, kym6t vch coet.

Cols 381–497. ⁑De Carolo Magno : Pan waſcar6yt yr ebyſtyl a diſgyblon yrargl6yd y bedryuannoed byt y bregethu . 6rth hynny y gogoneduſſaf eboſtol iago. adywedir y bregethu . 6rth hynny y gogoneduſſaf eboſtol iago . adywedir y bregethu yngyntaf yny galis. A gwwedy y lad ynteu o era6dyr greula6n yny di6ed y doeth o gaeruſalem droſ vor diſgyblon ereikk y bregethu y galis . . . . . . . ends : Ac ymae y uarnat uch y benn o wydyr tec gwedus . Ac velly yteruyna yſtorya charlymaen oe weithretoed ynyr yſbaen. Ac yn llawer odeyrnaſſoedd ereill yntreula6 yuuched amfera6l dros vuched tragywyda6l yn ymlad yn erbyn paganyeit agl6yd ni Jeſſu griſt abarattoes ida6 ynteu le yny nef dros y lavur yn y byt Amen . . . .
A theil6ng y6 ymplith petheu eraill d6yn ar gof ac ar volyant yn argl6yd ni Jeſſu griſt y g6yrth awnaeth du6 yr rolant . . . . yny lle y dylyir di6reida6 godineb . yr honn yſſyd leſteir eneit a chorff.
        Hic iacet turpinus remis metropolitanus . . . .
        Ethereum fidus aprilis adiuit undus

Cols. 502 l. 19 to 516 l. 26 Y llyuyrh6nn aelwir ymago mundi . Sef y6 hynny del6 y byt . kanys kedymdeith ae g6naeth o arch y llall o ffuryfedigaetli y byt yr h6nn yſſd ar weith pel gron A g6ahannedic or defnydyeu megys 6y . Megys y byd y kibynn ygkylch y g6ynn . Ar g6ynn ygkylch y melyn . ar melyli ygkylch y rith . Velly y mae y nef megys kibynn ygkylch y byt . . . . . . ends : G6lith a dyg6yd or awyr pann 6rthrymher yr awyr or dyfred o echtywynnedigr6yd y nos, ac ymelioelut y g6lith yn law y g6ynha y g6lith ynll6ytre6 . Ny6l y6 pan dynher g6lyb6r anyana61 or dayr yr awyr . neu a vyrher yr dayar or awyr . Y m6c h6nn6 aeſgyn or d6fyr.

Cols. 516 1. 28 to 518 1. 14.※ A brief Chronicle. Bl6ydyn eiſſeu o deucant a phum mil auu or amſer y g6naethp6yt adaf yny dopthcriſt ygena6t dyn . Deg mlyned urhugeint achant a mil kynn geni criſt . y doeth brutus yr ynys honn . . . . . . . ends :. (In 1296) y rynela6d mada6c uab llywelyn. (In 1298) y bu y lladua ua6r ar yr yſſcottyeit.
    (In 1807) y bu uar6 hen edwart . ac y kyſſegr6yt y uab. (In 1312) yn llas pyrs o garſt6n. (In 1414) y bu lladua ar y ſaeſſon yn y ſtriflin yny gogled . ac yllas iarll clar, (In 1315) y ryuela6d llywelyn brenn ym morgann6c. (In 1318) y rodes y. brenhin y kantref ma6r hu y ſpynſaer ieuanc

Cols. 520 to 527 l. 39. The advice of the wise man to his son on conduct. husbandry, &c. O Gynghor ydoeth y keueis megys ydoed ynteu yn kyghori y vab . Val hynn . Vymab duc dy uuehed yngall oblegyt du6 . arbyt . . . . . . medylia amrot y ffuruauen . megys y try . yr h6nn avo yr a6r honn yn uchaf . yny lle ybyd ys iſſaf . . . A ech6yn. no gan arall ef agyll yr eida6 ehun . . . . g6erthu yr chweugeint . ac eilch6yl y brynu yr punt . . . A ymachuppo or blaen o beli i agos y keiff y les . . . . o rody dy da . dyro dr6y ewyllys dc . ac yna y diolehir itt yndeudyblic . . . . ends : Mynych edrych dyda athwaſſanaethwyr . Ac o hynny ygochelir g6neuthur an diwytr6yd . namyn g6aſanaethu yngywir.

Cols. 527 l. 40 to 555 l. 9. The Seven Wise Men of Rome. The Welsh vrsion in its main features agres with the Latin text of the Historia Septem Sapientum Romæ, and with the French and Englsh Seven Sages,‣‣ but differs in some respects from all as the following summary will show.

Diocletian emperor of Rome has one son by his wife Eva, at whose death the prince is entrusted to the seven wise men of Rome to be taught, and a house is specially built for the purpose outside the city. Dioeletian marries a second wife who learns from a hag that the emperor has a son, whom she asks to see. That night the seven wise men and the boy discern from the “brightness of the stars and the movements of the signs” that it is sought to destroy him. The prince asks his masters to defend him, each one day. On the eighth he will defend himself. He is summoned to his father's presence, and the stepmother is “enflamed” with love, and tempts him in her own room. He despises her and escapes. She repeats the stratagem of Potiphar's wife and seeks the boy's death. Then follow the tales after each of which the boy is, in turn, condemned to death or pardoned.
    I. The empreſ tells her first tale of the big pine tree and the little pine plant.
    II. Bantillas (1st) tells the tale of the knight who slew the greyhound that had saved the life of the child.
    III. The empreſ tells her second tale of the wild boar “in a forest of France ” that was killed by the herdsman.
    IV. Awgustus (2nd) tells the tale of Hippocrates and his hephew.
    V. The empress tells her third tale of the King's Treasury being robbed by a poor but spirited man and his son. The father falls into a barrel of pitch. He asks his son for advice. The son suggests cutting off his head to prevent identification. The father pleads that the king is merciful. the son retorts that he will “not risk three things” viz. (1) the goods he has, (2) his own life, and (3) the land bought by the father; and “cruelly, as if a stranger, ” he cuts off the old man's head.
    VI. Lentillus (3rd) tells the tale of the old man shut out by the young wife.
    VI. The empress tells her fourth tale of the “fruitful green tree” which had a very fine branch growing out of its stem, near the ground, The gardner advises cutting down this branch because it enables thieves to climb to the fruit. The owner disregards the advice out of admiration and love of the branch, and consecuently loses the fruit.
    VIII. Malq6ldas (4th) tells the tale of the eastern city ruled by seven wise men. A cruel king after a fruitless siege of the city promises not to make war upon the citizens, if they will deliver the seven rulers to him. The citizens bind the seven, but one of them tells the tale of how the wolf by profession of friendship persuaded the herd to deliver his dogs to wolf's car; and how then the wolf after destroying the dogs, at his leisure ate up the cattle and finally the shepherd.
    IX. The empress tells her fifth tale of the column, set up in the hoart of Rome by Virgil, which had a mirror on the top.
    X. Cato (5th), the old wise, talls the tale of the inconsolable widow of the young Sheriff of Lesidonias, who in the course of her first night watch at the grave digs up and carries to the gibbet the corse of her husband, and there matilates and hands it in order to save the property and win the hand of a young knight who, afterwards, refuses to marry so heartless a creature.
    XI. Th.e empreſ tells ber sixth tale of the king who, after entrusting his kingdom to seven men to rule, dreamt every night that he was being blinded.
    XII. Jeſe (6th) tells the tale of the “two dreams,” or how the knight escaped with the young wife shut up in the high tower.
    XIII. The queen tells her seventh tale of the diseased king and the “steward” who led his own wife to the royal bed.
    XIV. Martin (7th) tells the tale of the wise old man and the foolish young wife.
When the empress understands the prince will “speak” himself the next day she becomes speechleſ. The prince explains the cause of his silence, and tells the tale of the Ravens. The empress confesses her intrigue and is burnt.

The text begins : Dia6chleifon aoed amhera6dyr yn rufein . Ag6edy mar6 eua ywreic . agadu unmab oetiued udunt . ynteu a dyfynna6d atta6 ſeithwyr o doethon rufein . . . . . ends : Ac yna o varn yr amhera6dyr ar g6yrda y lloſget kkorf yr amherodres . . . Ac velly y teruyna chwedyl y ſeithdoeth.••

Cols.. 555 1.10 to 57l 1.23. Breud6yt ronab6y. Mada6c uab maredud aoed ida6 powys; yny theruyneu . Sef oed y6 hynny oporford hyt yggwauan yggwarthaf arwyſtli . . . . . . ends : allyma y acha6s na6yr neb y vreidwyt . na bard na chyfarwyd heb lyfyr . o acha6s y geniuer lli6 a oed arymeirch ahynmy o amrauael liw odida6c ac ar yraruev ae eu kyweirdebeu . ae ar y llenneu g6erthua6r armein rinweda6l.⁋

Cols. ⁍571a l. 1–577 l. 6. Proff6ydolyaeth Sibli doeth. Sibli oed uerch y priaf urenhin o eccuba y mam gwreic priaf . a honno aoed arnei amryuaelon enn6eu . Yn ieith roec y gelwit tyburtina . Yn lladin albunea . Sibli adamgylchyna6d amryuaelon vrenhinaetheu y d6yrein . . . . ends : Ac yna yda6 llef or nef . corn or goruchelder praff y od6rd . Ac y byd triſt y rei truein ynk6yna6 eu pecha6t oe eu hamryuaelon lauuryeu . Ac yna y dengys ydayar . ufferna6l defnyd . Ac ygg6yd yd anſodir pob peth . ac ybyrir . Ac yna ydyg6yd tan br6nſtana61 or nef ad6fyr or un defnyd . Ac ar hynny y teruyas proff6ydolyaeth Sibli gyt ae breud6yt.

  Cols. 577 l. 7 to 583 l. 38. Kyuoeſſii myrdin ag6endyd ych6aer.
                Deuthum i attat y atra6d . . . .                       a
                p6y wledych wedy anara6t .          §33.
       579   Neſſaf y6 nes y amſor kennadeu anſel . . . . . b
                goglet du6 o wendyd . Amen.        §34
      584   Gwasgargerd vyrdin yny bed.
                Gwr a leueir yn y bed . . . .                             c
                mynyd ya aber karaf.                   §40.

Col. 585 1. 24. Hynn adywa6t ſeint a6stin am de6der y dayar : Megys y dyweit seint a6ſtin . tewder ydayar y6 . vn uilardec o uilltiroed . Ae unuet rann ardec y villtir &c.

Col. 585 1. 32. Hynn adywa6t yr eneit : Ef aun veu . y mae yn veu. Mi ae kolleis . yd ys ympoeni . Mi adreuleis . Mi arodeis . Mi agedweis. &c.

Col. 585 1. 39 ILyma Broff6ydolyaeth yr eryr yg kaer ſepton; : Megys y g6rthlad y dreic wenn y goch . velly y . g6rthlad ywenn . ef a hetta y dreic waethaf ac aruthyr . ac 0 chwythedigaeth y geneu hi a lyſc yr holl ynys a fflama6l tan . Ac oe vedeitheu ef yd a h6rd o vrowys gnu . . . . . ends : Odyna ky6 eryr awna y nyth yggoruchelder kerric holl vryttaen . a hwwnnww ny ledir yn Jeuanc . Ac ny da6 ynteu ar heneint . Ac yna ny diodef gogonedus uoleitr6yd gynnic ſarhaet ida6 ef . yr h6nn alad ar teyrnas dangenedus.

Col. 588 1. 27.⁎⁍ tri dynyon a ga6ſſant gampeu [proyt a doethineb] adaf : Tri dyn a gauas kedernit adaf . Erwwlf gadarn . Ac ector gadarn , a ſompſon gadarn . . . . ends : Teir g6raged a gauſ pryt eua. yn dri thraean . diadema &c.

Col. 588 1. 41.⁎⁍ Pann aeth llu y lychlyn : Porth aaeth ygan yrp luyda6c hyt yn llychlyn . ar g6r h6nn6 adoeth yman ynoes gadyal y byry y erchi dygyfuor or ynys honn . . . . . . ends : Ac yna y bu weith camlan y rwgl arthur amedra6t . ac y llada6d arthur uedra6t . Ac ybrath6yt arthur yn aughena6l . Ac ohynny y bu uar6 . Ac y my6n plas yn ynys auallach y cla6yt.

Col. 590 l. 34.⁎⁍ dechreu y trioed y6 y rai hynn . Tri goruchel garchara6r ynys prydein . llyr lledyeith . a mabon uab Modron . a geir uab geiryoed ac un oed oruchela6r nor tri . ef a uu deirnos ygkarchar hut adan lech echymeint . ſef oed h6nn6 arthur r&c.

Col. 592.⁎⁍ . Tair prif riein arthur . G6ennh6yuar uerch g6ryt g6ent . . . . . . ends : ac yſef oed y g6as h6nn6. goreu uab cuſtennin ygefynder6.

Col. 596.⁎⁍ Trioed y meirch y6 y rei hynn : Tri rodedicuarch ynys brydein . Meinlas march kaſſwalla6n uab beli . . . . . ends : Ar dryded calam uerch Jdon uab ner y gan uaetgwn .

Col. 598.⁎⁍ Trioed heuyt y6 yrei hynn : Teir unbennegerd yww . prydu achanu telyn . achyuar6ydyt . . . . . . ends : Tri chaſbeth g6ilim hir . ſaer hopkyn ap thomas . efferen ſul . adadleu . a marchnat . A chas ganta6 heuyt . tauarneu . acherdeu . achreireu . Tri dyn yſyd gas ganta6 . effeirat . a phrydyd . achler6r.

Col. 600.⁎⁍ En6eu ynys prydein ae rac ynyſſed ae anryuedodeu : Kyntaf en6 auu ar yr ynys honn . kyn noe chael nae chyuanhedu . clas myrdin . A g6edy y chael ae chyuanhedu y vel ynys . . . 33 prif gaer⁎⁍ . . . . 34 prif enryded . . . . . ends : A their archeſcoba6t yſſyd yndi . vn ym myny6 . ar eil ygkeint . ar dryded ygkaer efra6c .

Col. 605. The expedition of Charlemagne to Jerusalem and Constantinople, or his adventures with Hu Gadarn⁂⁂ : Pan yttoed Chyarlys yn ſein denys ar 6ylua y ſulg6yn g6edy g6iſgaw coron y vrenhinyaeth am y benn . ae gledyf ar y yſtlys . g6edy g6iſgaw gwiſgoed mawrweirtha6c am dana6 . ae berſon vrenhinawl ae anſa6d vrenhineid yn hoffi ac yn anrydedu adurn y g6iſgoed . . . . . . ends : A g6edy offrymv yr alla6r o offr6m teil6ng . rannu aoruc y creireu a dothoed ganta6 y egl6yſſeu freinc . arodi amadeu idi y godyant ae ge6ilyd.
    Hyt hynn y traeth yſtorya a beris Reinallt urenhin yr ylnyſſed y athro da y throſſi o weithretoed Chyarlys o r6ma6ms yn lladin ac . amryſſon ar urenhines . . . Ac nyt ymyrr6ys Turpin yn hynny . . . . . Ac y dicha6n pa6p wybot or ao darlleo . neu ae gwaranda6o naoruc ef dim yn or6ac . namyn . . . . llef eneideu y criſtonogyon ae g6amnda6o.

Col. 627.‡ Jarlles y IFynnon, or the Romance of Owen and Lunet : Yr mhera6dyr arthur oed yg kaer llion arwyſc . Sef yd oed yneiſted diwarna6t yny yſtauell . ac ygyt ac ef owein uab uryen . . . . . . . ends : Ac owein a trigywys yn llys arthur o hynny allann yn pennteulu. Ac yn ann6yl ida6 yny aeth ar y gyfoeth ehun. Sef oed hynny trychant eledyf kenuerchyn ar vranhes . Ac yr lle ydelei owein a hynny ganta6 . goruot a6naei . Ar chwedyl h6n aelwir chwedyl. iarlles y ffynna6n.

Col. 655.‡ The Romances of Peredur: Efra6c iarll bioed iallaeth y gogled . A ſeith meib aoed ida6 . Ac nyt o gyuoetheu yn v6yaf yd ymborthei efra6e . namyn o t6rneimeint a ryueloed . . . . . . ends : Ac y g6ledych6ys peredur gyt ar amherodres pedeir blyned ar dec. megys y dyweit yr yſtorya.
    ii.. Arthur aoed ygkaer llion ar wysc prif lys ida6 . Ac ygkena6l lla6r ynewad yd oed pedwar gwyr yn eiſted ar lenn o bali . . . . . . ends : Ac yna y trewis arthur ae deulu gan y g6idonot . ac y llas g6idonot kaer loy6 oll. Ac uelly y treythir o gaer yr enryuedodeu.

Col. 697.‡ ILyma vreid6yt maxen wledic : Maxen wledic oed amhera6dyr yn ruuein . atheccaf g6r oed adoethaf . . . . . . ends : Sef y kauas yn y gyghor mynet y wlat a llawer y gyt ac ef . . . . Ac odyno ydoeth yn vynych o ynys prydein ac ettwa yda6 yr ieith honno . Ar chwedyl h6nn aelwir . breud6yt maxen wledic amhera6dyr ruuein . Ac yman y mae teruyn arna6.

Col. 705.‡ ILyma gyfranc llud a lleuelis : Yr beli ma6r uab manogan y bu tri* meib . llud . achaſſwalla6u . a nynnya6 . A her6yd y kyuarwydyt pedweryd mab ida6 uu lleuelys . . . . . ends : Ac uelly y g6areda6d llud y teir gormes yar ynys prydein . Ac o hynny hyt yn diwed y oeſ yn bed6ch l6ydyannus y llywya6d llud uab beli ynys prydein . Ar chwedyl h6nn a elwir kyfranc llud a lleuelys . ac uelly yteruynha.

ILyma dechreu mabinogi‡

Col. 710. Pwyll penndeuic dyuet aoed yn argl6iyd ar ſeith cantref dyuet . . . . . . . ends : Sef g6reic a vynna6d kicua verch wynn gohoy6 uab gloy6 wallt lydan . uab caſnar wledic o dylyedogyon yr ynys houn. Ac uelly y teruyna y geing honn or mabynnogyon.

Col. 726. ILyma yr eil geinc or mabinogi : Bendigeitvran vab llyr aoed vrenhin corona6c ar yr ynys honn . Ac ardercha6c o goron lundein . . . . . ends : Ac am ganyat adar riannon . ac ar yſpyda6t benn pedwar ugeint mlyned.

Col. 739. ILyma y dryded geinc or mabinogi : Gwedy daruot yr ſeithwyr adywedaſſam ni uchot cladu penn bendigeituran yny g6ynvryn yn llundein . . . edrych a6naeth mana6ydan ar y dref . . . . . . ends : Ac o acha6s y karchar l6nn6 y gelwit y kyfar6ydyt h6nn6 mabinogi. rnynnweir a mynord . Ac uelly y teruyna y geinc honn yma or mabinogi.

Col. 751. Honn y6 y bed6ared geinc or mabinogi : Math uab mathon6y oed argl6yd ar wyned . . . . . . ends : A herwyd y dyweit ykyuarwydyt ef auu argl6yd wedy hynny ar wyned . Ac velly y teruyna y geing honn or mabinogi.

Col. 769.‡ ILyma mal y treythir o yſtorya gereint uab erbin : Arthur adeuodes dala llys ygkaer llion ar wyſc . . . . . . . ends : ac yd aeth gereint parth ae gyuoeth ehun . Ac y wledychu o hynny allan yn ll6ydyannus ef aeuil6ryaeth aewychdra yn parhau gan glot ac etmic ida6 . ac y enit o hynny allan.

Col. 810.‡ The Romance of Kulhwch and Olwen : Kilyd nab kelydon wledic a uynnei wreic kynmwyt ac ef . . . . . . . . ends : A g6aſcaru lluoed arthur pa6b y wlat . Ac uelly y kauas kulh6ch olwen merch yſpadaden penu ka6r.

Col. 845. The Romance of Bown of Hampton† : Yn hamt6n ydoed Jarll aelwit gi6n . ac aruer awnaeth na vynnei wreic yny Jeuengtit. A g6edy hynny pann ymdreigla6d parth ae heneint yg6reicka6d. Sef g6reic auynna6d g6reic ieuanc tu dra6d y uor. A honno aoed yn karu g6r ieuanc . . . . ends : A phan welas bo6n hi y kymerth yr6ng y ureicheu . a gorchymun aortigant gi eu mab ydu6. Ac ar hynny y teruynaſſant 6y ell deu . Ac y doeth yghwanec y gant o engylyon y d6yn eu heneideu yr nef att du6 . . . . Ac yna y coronha6yt gi o goron m6mbra6nt . ac uelly y teruyna yſtorya bo6n o hamt6n.

Col. 928. The Physicians of Myđvei†† : Yma gan borth du6 goruchel bendigedic y dangoſſir y medegynyaetheu arbennickaf aphennaf 6rth gorff dyn . A ſef y neb a beris euhyſcriuennu yny mod h6nn . Riwalla6n uedic . ac ueibon . Nyt amgen : kad6ga6n . a gruffud . ac eina6n . kanys 6ynt aoedynt oreu . a phennaf or medygon yneu hamſer h6y . ac yn amſer rys gryc euhargl6yd . ac argl6yd dinef6r . y g6r agedwies eu breint ac eu dlyet yn g6byl 6rthunt yn enrydedus mal ydylyynt . Ac yſef acha6s ypalraſſant h6y yſcriuennu eu kywroinr6yd yny mod h6nn. rac na bei awypei gyſtal ac awydynt h6y g6edy 6y . . . . . . Pa uedeginyneth leihaf. koffi dȳ la6 yny wennofo . ac odyna poeri arnei ae rugla6.
    Abſinthium calidum & ficeum in primo gradu continet in ſe uirtutem expulſerimam & continam . contina confortat ſtomacum . . . . . . . De ſalma herba . . . & ſi de predicto pulucre ponatur in lampade & accendetur uidebitur quod tota domus ſerpentibus ſit impleta.

    Rac gwewyr . keis y dialtean yr h6nn auyd gan yr yſpiſſwyr. agorcu y6 h6nn6 rae pob dolur . . . . . ends : Heuyt na v6yta ynydarfo yr kylla wackau . a hynny a elly y adnabot ar dy chwant yrb6yt . ar deneur6yd dy ole6 [aliw] . Or b6ytey heb ch6ant b6yt arnat . rewi a6na y g6res annyana6l. Ac or b6ytey pan vo ch6ant b6yt arnat . dy anyan avyd kynwreſſocket athan. A ph6y bynnac ny chymero b6yt yna . y gylla a lein6 o afoachuſter yr h6nn abeir g6ae6 yny penn.§§

Col. 964. Welsh Proverbs : A vo da gan du6 : yſtir. A da6 maen. ac. ada6 mab. Aduc yr hyd .yr mace ma6r . . . . . . ends : Vyneb triſt : dr6c aery. Vcher ada6 . gan drychin . & cetera.
    Mabieith hengyrys o ial . yr h6nn aelwit bach budugre . agado fyfary6d . A g6yd varch gyfar6yd . Ar hen wyrda a dywa6t y diaerhebyon o doethinelb . hyt pen veynt gad6edic g6edy 6ynt . y rodi dyſc . yr neb afynnyei arnunt . kanys crynodeb parableu llawer . ſynh6yreu y kynghoreu doethbrud . adangoſir ar uyrder yr neb aedyallo yny diarhebyon Cf. cols. 1057–88 infra.

Col. 975. Imago Mundi : Athro ma6r ywybot ae doethineb yn anuon annerch y athro arall kyfar6yd ynffyd y drinda6t . ac yn ffrydyeu y doetbineb . ar keluydodeu o ſeith ns6n yr yſpryt glan . ag6edy gorffenno oeſſoed y uuched honn . lla6enhau or ſeith guynuydedigr6yd ac ynyr wythuet kytwledychu . gyt ar tat trinda6t yn vnda6t . . . . . . ends : Ac yn dechreu kylchu ſaturnus wedy deg mlyned arhugeint . p6y bynnac a adineuo del6 oe uyd . hi adyweit ualdyn . Pa6b onedunt agerdant eukylch . wedy deudegmlyned arhugeint aphumpcant . a llyna diwed y llyuyr h6nn.

Col. 998. A chyt traetho athra6on gerd or ſygnen yſſyd yn Zodiacus. oduch y plannedeu . ac or ffuruauen . ac or ſyr yſſyd oſſodedic yndi . . . . ends : Or dayar hyt att y nef y maent . can mil o uiloed . a na6 mil o viloed . athryehaint . a phymthec milltir arhugeint.

Col. 999.¶§ ILyma weithyon dechreu brut y ſaeſſon ac mal y g6ledychaſſant : Gwedy kadwaladyr vendigeit a goreſgyn or ſaeſſon ynys brydein . . . . . . ends : y chwechet vl6ydyn [1382] oe deyrnaſ ef [Richard II] y bu y llifeiryeint ma6r . mal yd oed anha6d traethu na dywedut awnaeth o dr6c ar dra6s lloegyr.

Col. 1020.¤ O oes g6rtheyrn g6rtheneu hyt weith bad6n yd ymlada6d arthur ae hyneif ar ſaeſſon . . . . . . . ends : Y vl6ydyn racwyneb yd aeth Jeuan vrenbla y Jwerdon . ac y doeth rond6lff Jarll kaer y deganu6y yn erbyn Jeuan vrenhin.
   Cols. 1022 l. 9 to 1025 are left blank.

       ymatcrec lly6elyn ag6rnerth by Tyffsilya6 uab brochuael
  1026     yſcethra6c : Eiry mynyd gwynt am berth . . . .                               a
               yr du6 kyffeſſa ynda                                       282※※
  1028     Eiry mynyd g6ynn pob tu . . . . .                                                     b
               gna6t pob anaf ar anoeth                              285※※
  1030     Bit goch crib keilya6c . bit annyana6l . . . . .                                  c
               bit l6th chwanna6c . bit rynga6c cleirch       288b※※
  1031     Gna6t g6ynt or dehou . gna6t atneu yn llan . . . . .                         d
               nyt edeu hirbwyll hirbla                                 290※※
           b. Kalangaeaf kalet gra6n . . . .                                                         e
               or kant odit kedymdeith                                291b※※
  1032     Bagla6c bydin bag6y onn . . . . .                                                     f
               g6ed6 pob camp heb y da6n                          292※※
  1033     Gorwyn blaen onn . hirwynnyon vydant . . . . .                              g
               g6ae a d6c daffar o la6                                 293※※
  1034     Goreiſte ar vrynn aeruyn uymbryt . . . . .                                     h
               cas dyn yman y6 cas du6 vry                         296※※
  1036     Kynn bum kein vagla6c bum . kyffen eirya6c . . . . .                    i
               penn g6r pan g6in a dyly                               299※※
  1039     Dymkywarwydyat unhwch dywal . . . . .                                       k
               el6ch llu a ll6ybyr arna6                               305b※※
  1041     Maenwynn tra vum yth oet: ny ſethrit . . . . .                               l
               maenwynn nac ada6 dy gyllell                      311※※
  1042     Panet anet gereint oed agoret pyrth nef . . . . . .                         m
               bla6r blaen eu ra6n yn aryant                      311b※※
  1043     Katwalla6n kynnoedyuot . . . . . .                                                 n
               kyneruydom uy am eluet                              314※※
  1044     Sefwch allan vorynnyon a ſyll6ch . . . . .                                      o
               nyt g6i6 elein yth grein y grech                      316※※

  1049     Gogyfercheis gogyfarchaf gogyfuerchyd . . . .                            a
               ony mol6yf i vryen                                          326※※
  1050     Mal rot yn troi tramh6eilyeu . . . .                                              b
               y ranu oewled oeſſwed heb eiſſeu                   327b※※
           b. Mochda6 byt yngryt yngredyf carant . . . .                                  c
               Dygogan tyfyrru erymes trabytha6t               328※※
  1051     ILynghes von dirion direidi . . . . .                                                d
               lleſſerthin werin amdrin drauot.
           b. Crſt ieſſu llwyr uedu lleuuer criſta6n . . . .                                   e
               diwed trugared tr6y gyfreith                          329•‣
  1053     Mor y6 g6ebel g6elet . kynn6ryf kynniret . . . . .                           f
               anroder rann diuieu . g6enwled g6al oleu       329※※ 29•‣
  1054     Prif gyuarch geluyd panryleat . . . .                                              g
               ry bryn h6ynt wlat nef adef goreu                   830※※ 29•‣

      goſſymdeith llefoet wyneb ola6r . y6 hynn.
  1055     Golut byt eyt dyda6 . . . . .                                                             h
               kerennyd du6 a hoedl hir                                 383※※ 81•‣

1057–83 A collection of 557 Proverbs‡‡ arranged alphabetically and described as Matweith hengyrys o ial yr h6nn a elwit bach budugre . a cato gyfar6yd. a g6yduarch gyfuarwyd . Ar hen wyrda ady6awt y diaerhebyon hynn odoethineb . hyt pan vydynt gatwedic g6edy 6ynt y rodi dyſc yr neb aſynnyei arnunt.            Cf. Col. 694 supra.
A vo da gan du6 ys dir . . . .
vahl ll6yth maen ketti

1085 Yny mad h6nn y treythyr o gedymdeithyas amlyn ac amic Yn yr amſer ydoed pepyn hen yn vrenhin yngwlat fringa y ganes mab y uarchauc ardercha6c bonbedic or almaen . yny kaſtell a elwit berigan oe wreie bria6t . Ac o acha6s nat oed na mab na merch udunt namyn b6nn6 . dirua6r lewenyd agymeraſſant . . . . . . ends : Ac y mae bedi6 heno yr amlyn ac amic . y g6yr auerthyrwyt yr karyat du6 . Y dryded vl6ydyn achweugeint amil oed hynny or pen gymerth ieſſu griſt gna6t ovru wyry yr argl6ydes veir . y pedweryd dyd o galau ebrill . yny vl6ydyn y bu uar6 ſeint bernat aoed abat yngkleros . Ar volyant ac enryded y du6 ar egl6ys . y g6r y bo bendigedic y en6 yndragywyda6l poet g6ir Amen.⁑⁂

1116 (ffilſtion yw dynyon a dall am air duw ammau'r dy ac dyall a fo drwg ai fyd ar wall ef a daera fod arrall        W. Mydleton)

1117 A Welsh Grammar.—Pedeir llythyren arugeint kymraec yſſyd . nyt anen A. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. 1. m. n. o. p. q. r. ſ. t. v. x. y. w. ll. Ac or rei hynny rei yffyd vogalyeit . ereill yſſyd gytſeinanyeit. Seith bogal. nyt amgen . a. e. i. o. v. y. w. y llythyr ereill oll yſſyd gytſeinanyeit . kanys kytſeinya6 ar bogaglyeit awnant . Rei or kytſeinanyeit . kanys kytſeinya6 Ereill yſſyd lythyr mut . &c. . . . . . . ends : Tripheth a beir kaſſau kerdn6r . kebydyaeth . a dyfyrllytr6yd . a goganu dynyon da .

  1143     Ma6r a6r y da6n a dyuu . . . . .                                                        i
               nef . ar yna6d ae teulu                                      216※※
           b. Dir vyd ynn bronn kyt boet breua6l . . . . .                                     k
               tut yſpryt antat yſpryda61                                217※※

  1144     Er mab kyuarchaf r6ydaf vy reen . . . . .                                         a
               kan wyt deu pell godeu ac uu                            218※※
           b. Reit y6 ynndill6ng tyllued preſſent . . . . .                                       b
               moeſſen ae dywa6t adu6 ae med                      219※※
  1145     Goreu y6 ydyn, di6 ynyt pert . . . .                                                    c
               ar nef ar na6d du6 aediffryt                             220※※
  1146     Gogana6l arglwyd gogana6l . . . .                                                   d
               trugared itti vy ri rotua6l                                  221※※
           b. Kyuarehaf y du6 dwywa6t weini . . . .                                             e
               vndu6 ynt 6ynteu . a diben tri .                          222※※
  1147     Ambo y. gan du6 ambo trugared . . . .                                             f
               kerennyd douyd beunyd ambo                           222b※※
           b. [R]eidaf oed ynn reithaf . ymbywyt . . . . .                                       g
               crett6yf di vy ri pan vo reittaf .                          2245
  1148     Dvw arglwyd ergIy6 dy volyant . . . . .                                             h
               vn parch 6y perchi a vȳnant .                             225※※
  1149     Reen rieda6e r6yſc kyuerthi . . . . .                                                   i
               yr auo diuro yny divri .                                       226※※
           b. Divri divroed dyhed diheu . . . .                                                        k
               dinam bwyat du6 ae goreu.                                227※※
  1150     Goreu gwaradret goredwyn ffa6 . . . .                                             l
               na cheryd y du6 d6yn yr eida6                            227b※※
           b. Eidunyant ydyn y d6yn ar uoes . . . .                                                m
               yn hir nynn6ys du6 dynnya6l einyoes.                 228※※
           c. Einnyoes enryded rac llu annweir . . . .                                             n
               nyt oed ia6n y dyn dywedit geir                           228b※※
           d. Geir gar6ffraeth waeth g6eith gbyth gywyt . . . .                             o
               gobryt g6elet ynhed ynhyt                                    228b※※
           e. Yn hyt yn hedwch ha6d b6yf oe glas . . . .                                         p
               poet ef vyndu6 nef vo vyndinas .                           229※※
  1151     Mab anrodet . mab mat anet . dan y vreinheu . . . .                          q
               Ac aug6na lle . yn tecca bre . yggobr6yeu .           229b※※
  1153     Gwaret arnaf naf na6d amrodych . . . .                                            r
               g6ynn oleu . ar y lla6 deheu . ym llcheych             51•‣
  1154     Goruche du6 golochir ympob vn . . . . .                                             s
               Arauedylyeis . ac aradigones . o treis a thraha
  1158     Moli du6 yndechreu adiwed . . . .                                                      t
               criſt ny b6yf triſt yndy orſſed                                53•‣
  1159     Yn en6 domini . meu y moli . ma6r y mola6t . . . .                           u
               Cadarn ungeil . criſt nyt atueil . y teilyngda6t .     54•‣
           b. Ponyt g6ann truan trymder pechadur . . . .                                     v
               eithyr y amdo amdla6t biuer                                341b※※ 45•‣
  1160     Na6d ytat armab rat rof amgalon . . . . .                                         w
               yn rwydder lleuuer ymllehaon .                             233※※ 45b•‣
  1161     Y g6r anrodes rinnyeu ardnua6t . . . . .                                             x
               ny b6yf 6r aghall . erbyn augheu.                          234※※ 46•‣
           b. E Du6 yngyntaf ykyuarchaf . bennaf bieu. . . .      48•‣
               Geyr bronn douyd . yndragywyd . gywir donyeu . 236※※

  * Cols. 1 to 37 6 1. 8; 381 to 502 1. 7; and 605-2 6 represent the oldest hand; Cols. 376 1. 9 to 37 7 1. 18; 502 1. 8 to 516 1. 26; 520-71 are stightly later and represent a different type of writing. This type prevails through a large part of the rest of the MS. and makes it difficult to classify the several hands of this school. The portions distinctly later are indicaated in the foot-notes.
  ⁂ These texts were reproduced under the title Bruts, edited by Rhys and Evans (Oxford 1890).
  ⁑ This text was edited by Mrs. Rhŷs, and iſued by the Cymrodorion Society in 1883.
  ※ Eleven lines at the. foot of col. 517 are more or leſ torn out, and the folio containing cols. 516-517 is mounted on a vellum leaf, excepting the written portion of col. 518 on the back.
  ‣‣ See Vol. XVII. of the Percy Society's Publications; Weber's Northern Romances; Appendix XXXII. to The Book of Sindibád, ed, by W. A. Clouston; Deux Redactions du Roman des Sept Sayes de Rome, ed, by Gaston Paris. The Welsh version has little or nothing in common with Dolopathos, sive de Rege et Septem Sapientibus, ed. by H. Oesterley.
  •• This work is said to be by “Llywelyn the priest.“ See Jesus Coll: MS. 3 – XX.
  ⁋ See The Mabinogion, pp. 144–61, Oxford, 1887.
  ⁍ There are five columns here numbered respectively 571, 571a, 571b, 571c, 571d.
  § These figures refer to pages in Pen. MS. 118, which contains copies of these poems.
  ⁎⁍ See Mabinogion pp. 297–309.
  ⁂⁂ See Pen. MS. 5, fol. cx.
  ‡ For the text of cols. 627–844, see Mabinogion, edited by Rhŷs and Evans (Oxford, 1887).
  † This text is a copy of that in Pen. MS. 5, fol. cxxxviij.
  †† See Meddygon Myddfai, pp. 1–27 (Llandovery, 1861).
  §§ Ibid, pp. 28–34.
  Cols. 960–963, which contain proverbs, are misplaced and should follow fol. 971.
  ¶§ For this text see Bruts, pp, 385–403.
  ¤ Ibid., pp. 404–6 in a later hand.
  ※※ These numbers refer to Plas Hân MS. 15, which contains a copy of the Red Book poetry.
  •‣ These numbers refer to Peniarth MS. 118.
  ‡‡ Additional Proverbs are given in the margins in a hand of about 1600.
  ⁑⁂ In a larger, heavier hand.



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